tl;dr: Given a string of digits
Let the nesting of two parentheses within a string be the substring
that occurs strictly between them. An opening parenthesis and a closing
parenthesis that is further to its right are said to match if their
nesting is empty, or if every parenthesis in their nesting matches with
another parenthesis in their nesting. The nesting depth of a position
For example, in the following strings, all digits match their nesting
depth: 0((2)1)
, (((3))1(2))
, ((((4))))
,
((2))((2))(1)
. The first three strings have minimum length among
those that have the same digits in the same order, but the last one does not
since ((22)1)
also has the digits 221
and is
shorter.
Given a string of digits
- all parentheses in
match some other parenthesis, - removing any and all parentheses from
results in , - each digit in
is equal to its nesting depth, and is of minimum length.
Input Specification
The first line of the input gives the number of test cases,
Output Specification
For each test case, output one line containing Case #x: y
, where
Limits
Time limit: 20 seconds per test set.
Memory limit: 1GB.
Test set 1
Each character in 0
or 1
.
Test set 2
Each character in 0
and
9
, inclusive.
Sample Input
4
0000
101
111000
1
Sample Output
Case #1: 0000
Case #2: (1)0(1)
Case #3: (111)000
Case #4: (1)
The strings ()0000()
, (1)0(((()))1)
and
(1)(11)000
are not valid solutions to Sample Cases #1, #2 and #3,
respectively, only because they are not of minimum length. In addition,
1)(
and )(1
are not valid solutions to Sample Case #4 because they
contain unmatched parentheses and the nesting depth is 0
at the position where there is a 1.
You can create sample inputs that are valid only for Test Set 2 by removing the parentheses from the example strings mentioned in the problem statement.
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