The ~N~ traits are independent of each other. For each trait, calculate the probability that the parents will produce the offspring's trait. Afterwards, multiply together the ~N~ probabilities to get the answer. Therefore, if you can solve ~N=1~, then you should be able to solve the entire problem.

Let's solve ~N=1~. The parents will produce these ~4~ traits with equal probability:

• Parent 1's first allele + Parent 2's first allele
• Parent 1's first allele + Parent 2's second allele
• Parent 1's second allele + Parent 2's first allele
• Parent 1's second allele + Parent 2's second allele

For example, if the parents' traits are Aa and Aa, then the offspring's trait will be:

• AA with probability ~1/4~.
• Aa with probability ~1/2~. Remember that aA is the same as Aa.
• aa with probability ~1/4~.

Your code must handle all combinations of traits. Each of the ~3~ traits could be AA, Aa, or aa. Also, the probability must be one of ~\{0, 1/4, 1/2, 1\}~.

Time complexity: ~\mathcal O(N)~. There are ~N~ traits and each trait takes ~\mathcal O(1)~.